In recent years, studies have reported that not only live microorganisms (probiotics) but also “dead” or “inactivated” microorganisms also have the ability to provide human health benefits. The term paraprobiotics is commonly used to refer to “dead” probiotics.

Paraprobiotics are defined as “inactivated (non-viable) microbial cells or cell fractions that, when administered (oral use or topical use) in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the consumer” (Taverniti and Guglielmetti 2011).

Immunomodulatory properties are attributed to structures commonly found in the cell wall of bacteria. Specialized receptors on human defense cell membranes, such as TLRs and NODs, are key sensors of the innate immune system. As an example, the NOD1 receptor recognizes diaminopimelic acid, which is characteristic of gram-negative bacteria.

The NOD2 receptor recognizes muramyl dipeptide and acts as a general sensor of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Thus, from this recognition, there is an activation of the immune system..

When we talk about MAMPs, we are talking about inactive microorganisms, whose daily dosage for human consumption is given in milligrams, since we are working with a recognition of MAMPs by the immune system. Suggested dosages for daily consumption vary between 10 – 100 mg per day, or as directed by a doctor or nutritionist.

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides synthesized in the ribosomes, and a great diversity of them has been described, which differ in their amino acid composition, biosynthesis, transport and mode of action. Each microorganism can produce one or more specific bacteriocins, with specific activity against Other microorganisms.

Since bacteriocins need to be synthesized, they are only produced by living/active bacteria. MAMPs are bacteria that have already been inactivated, so they are no longer able to synthesize bacteriocins..

The human metabolism produces only the L-lactate isomer. The presence of D-lactate in humans is a direct consequence of its production by bacteria or indirectly of the action of a bacterial enzyme that converts L-lactate into D-lactate – racemase. Not all species have the ability to produce D-lactate, but some species of the genus Lactobacillus can convert L-lactate to D-lactate.

Gabbia uses an enzyme kit to determine D and L lactate. Thus, we are able to determine which isomer is produced (D or L) and the concentration produced within the culture conditions we have established.

Each step in the production process of the ingredients was mapped to allow the identification of specific care and maintenance of their properties throughout their shelf-life without the need for refrigeration.

Some of the precautions involved were: composition of culture media, choice of freeze-drying agent and ideal composition, identification of appropriate parameters for pre-freezing and freeze-drying, and choice of compatible excipient.

Yes. Gabbia has studies in animal models – “in vivo assays”, developed in partnership with public and private educational institutions.

If necessary, please request more information via e-mail:
contato@gabbia.com.br.

Yes, Gabbia has developed studies evaluating supplementation in animal models-“in vivo trials” and in humans-“clinical trials,” developed in partnership with public and private educational institutions.

If necessary, please request more information via e-mail: contato@gabbia.com.br